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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Математическая физика и компьютерное моделирование</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2587-6325</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6902</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2023.4.7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Динамика малых возмущений в неравновесном колебательно-возбужденном газе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of Small Perturbations in a Nonequilibrium Vibrationally Excited Gas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храпов</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrapov</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>khrapov@volsu.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2660-2491</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванченко</surname><given-names>Геннадий Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanchenko</surname><given-names>Gennadiy S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>genaivanchenko@volsu.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-1381</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>Виктор Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchenko</surname><given-names>Viktor P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>viktor.radchenko@volsu.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-3884</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маковеев</surname><given-names>Илья Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makoveev</surname><given-names>Ilya S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>i.s.makoveev@volsu.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8037-3514</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State University(Volgograd, Russian Federation)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный университет(г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-10"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-11-06"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В линейном приближении построена математическая модель неравновесного колебательно-возбужденного газа с экспоненциальной моделью релаксации, учитывающая зависимости параметров акустически активной среды (времени релаксации, функций нагрева и охлаждения) от плотности и температуры. Изучены дисперсионные свойства неустойчивых звуковых и энтропийных мод, получены оценки акустического инкремента и определены границы устойчивости малых возмущений в зависимости от степени неравновесности среды (интенсивности нагрева), моделей релаксации и охлаждения. Получено, что параметры линейной модели, определяющие зависимости функций нагрева и охлаждения от плотности и температуры, оказывают сильное влияние как на акустический инкремент, так и на фазовую скорость неустойчивых звуковых волн. Показано, что при определенных значениях интенсивности нагрева и параметров функции охлаждения скорость звука оказывается аномально высокой как в низкочастотной области спектра (звук–инфразвук), так и для высокочастотных гармоник (звук–ультразвук).</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>In a linear approximation, a mathematical model of a nonequilibrium vibrationally excited gas with an exponential relaxation model has been constructed, taking into account the dependence of the parameters of an acoustically active medium (relaxation time, heating and cooling functions) on density and temperature. The dispersion properties of unstable sound and entropy modes were studied, estimates of the acoustic increment were obtained, and the limits of stability of small disturbances were determined depending on the degree of nonequilibrium of the medium (heating intensity), relaxation and cooling models. It was found that the parameters of the linear model, which determine the dependence of the heating and cooling functions on density and temperature, have a strong influence on both the acoustic increment and the phase velocity of unstable sound waves. It is shown that at certain values of the heating intensity and parameters of the cooling function, the speed of sound turns out to be abnormally high both in the low-frequency region of the spectrum (sound-infrasound) and for high-frequency harmonics (sound-ultrasound).</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неравновесный газ</kwd><kwd>колебательная релаксация</kwd><kwd>время релаксации</kwd><kwd>акустическая и тепловая неустойчивости</kwd><kwd>скорость звука</kwd><kwd>нагрев и охлаждение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nonequilibrium gas</kwd><kwd>vibrational relaxation</kwd><kwd>relaxation time</kwd><kwd>acoustic and thermal instabilities</kwd><kwd>speed of sound</kwd><kwd>heating and cooling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (РНФ) №23-21-00401, https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00401/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by grant No. 23-21-00401 from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00401/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Завершинский, И. 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