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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Математическая физика и компьютерное моделирование</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2587-6325</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6902</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2023.2.4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">NP-полнота задачи построения графа с минимальным коэффициентом непрямолинейности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>NP-completeness of the problem of constructing a graph with a minimum stretch factor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хижнякова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khizhnyakova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>yakovleva.e.v@volsu.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7914-9988</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State University(Volgograd, Russian Federation)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный университет(г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-26"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY-NC 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY-NC 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящей статье рассмотрена задача построения плоского связного взвешенного графа на заданном наборе точек с минимальным коэффициентом непрямолинейности. За вес ребра берется евклидово расстояние между концами. Доказывается, что такая задача является NP-полной. Так как эта задача является NP-полной, предложен эвристический алгоритм решения рассматриваемой задачи. Данный алгоритм всегда строит триангуляцию, так как только в этом классе графов возможно решение поставленной задачи. Проведен ряд экспериментов по статистическому исследованию коэффициента непрямолинейности триангуляции, построенной в результате работы приведенного алгоритма на случайно сгенерированных точках.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing a planar connected weighted graph on a given set of points in such a way that the sum of the shortest paths between all pairs of vertices is the minimum possible. In other words, the problem of constructing a graph with a minimum stretch factor. The euclidean distance between the ends is taken as the weight of the edge. It is proved that such a problem is NP-complete. This problem arises when planning transport networks, since it is the stretch factor of the graph of the transport network that directly indicates the level of overrun of transport, which should be as small as possible in order to minimize the resources spent. But since this problem is NP-complete, a heuristic algorithm for solving the problem under consideration is proposed, which is based on sorting some simple paths and has a recursive character. This algorithm always builds a triangulation, since only in this class of graphs is it possible to solve the problem. A number of experiments have been carried out on the statistical study of the stretch factor of the triangulation constructed as a result of the operation of the above algorithm on randomly generated points. Experiments show that the losses are about 1.5–7.8% , and for real cities this parameter is about 30%.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>NP-полнота</kwd><kwd>коэффициент непрямолинейности</kwd><kwd>граф</kwd><kwd>триангуляция</kwd><kwd>эвристический алгоритм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NP-completeness stretch factor</kwd><kwd>graph</kwd><kwd>triangulation</kwd><kwd>heuristic algorithm</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Алгоритмы: построение и анализ / Х. К. Томас, И. Л. Чарльз, Л. P. Рональд, К. Штайн. — М. : Издательский дом «Вильямс», 2013. — 1296 c.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Гэри, М. Вычислительные машины и труднорешаемые задачи / М. Гэри, Д. Джонсон. — М. : Мир, 1982. — 416 c.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Свами, М. 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