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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Математическая физика и компьютерное моделирование</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2587-6325</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6902</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2025.1.5</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Численное моделирование двумерных газодинамических течений в многокомпонентных неравновесных средах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Numerical Modeling of Two-Dimensional Gas-Dynamic Flows in Multicomponent Nonequilibrium Media</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храпов</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrapov</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2660-2491</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State University (Volgograd, Russian Federation)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный университет (Волгоград, Российская Федерация)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-29"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрена динамика двумерных течений многокомпонентного неравновесного газа с учетом релаксационных процессов, вязкости, теплопроводности, химических реакций, внешних источников нагрева и охлаждения. На основе численного газодинамического метода MUSCL построена вычислительная модель, позволяющая с высоким пространственным разрешением изучать нелинейные волновые структуры (слабые ударные волны, ударно-волновые импульсы, детонационные волны), возникающие в неравновесной среде из-за развития газодинамических неустойчивостей (акустической, тепловой, тангенциального разрыва скорости течения). Разработана параллельная версия численного алгоритма с использованием технологий OpenMP – CUDA – GPUDirect для гибридных вычислительных систем с несколькими графическими процессорами (multi-GPU), позволяющая существенно повысить производительность вычислений и ускорить расчеты в сотни раз по сравнению с версиями кода для CPU. Проведено численное моделирование ударно-волновых структур в плоском двумерном канале с дозвуковым потоком неравновесного газа при наличии внешних источников нагрева и охлаждения. Показано, что в результате взаимодействия дозвукового потока неравновесного акустически активного газа с твердой стенкой формируются ударно-волновые импульсы (УВИ) как с плоским фронтом в поперечном потоку направлении, так и с изгибно деформированными УВИ, на фронте которых возникают локальные максимумы газодинамических величин из-за нарастания акустически неустойчивых поперечных возмущений. Эти возмущения на нелинейной стадии эволюции образуют в канале систему косых ударных волн, которые, многократно отражаясь от стенок канала и взаимодействуя между собой, приводят к формированию сложной нерегулярной структуры течения. С увеличением ширины канала количество локальных максимумов в распределении параметров течения на фронте ударно-волновых импульсов возрастает. Исследованы нелинейные волновые структуры в плоских сверхзвуковых струях неравновесного колебательно-возбужденного газа, возникающие в результате развития неустойчивостей Кельвина — Гельмгольца и отражательных резонансных гармоник симметричных и антисимметричных мод струи. Показано, что учет колебательной неравновесности среды усиливает неустойчивость тангенциального разрыва скорости в струе и увеличивает интенсивность ударно-волновых и вихревых структур, возникающих на нелинейной стадии развития этих неустойчивостей. В численных моделях сверхзвуковых сдвиговых течений неравновесного колебательно-возбужденного газа обнаружены новые ударно-вихревые структуры высокой интенсивности, которые могут иметь важное значение в практических приложениях.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The dynamics of two-dimensional flows of a multicomponent nonequilibrium gas is considered taking into account relaxation processes, viscosity, thermal conductivity, chemical reactions, external sources of heating and cooling. Based on the numerical gas-dynamic method MUSCL, a computational model has been constructed that allows one to study nonlinear wave structures (weak shock waves, shock-wave pulses, detonation waves) arising in a nonequilibrium medium due to the development of gas-dynamic instabilities (acoustic, thermal, tangential discontinuity of flow velocity) with high spatial resolution. A parallel version of the numerical algorithm has been developed using OpenMP – CUDA – GPUDirect technologies for hybrid computing systems with several graphics processors (multi-GPU), which allows one to significantly increase the computing performance and speed up calculations hundreds of times compared to the versions of the code for the CPU. Numerical modeling of shock-wave structures in a flat two-dimensional channel with a subsonic flow of nonequilibrium gas in the presence of external heating and cooling sources was performed. It was shown that as a result of the interaction of a subsonic flow of nonequilibrium acoustically active gas with a solid wall, shock-wave pulses (SWP) are formed both with a flat front in the direction transverse to the flow and with flexurally deformed SWPs, at the front of which local maxima of gas-dynamic quantities arise due to the growth of acoustically unstable transverse disturbances. These disturbances at the nonlinear stage of evolution form a system of oblique shock waves in the channel, which, repeatedly reflecting from the channel walls and interacting with each other, lead to the formation of a complex irregular flow structure. With an increase in the channel width, the number of local maxima in the distribution of flow parameters at the front of shock-wave pulses increases. Nonlinear wave structures in plane supersonic jets of nonequilibrium vibrationally excited gas, arising as a result of development of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities and reflective resonance harmonics of symmetric and antisymmetric jet modes, are investigated. It is shown that taking into account the vibrational nonequilibrium of the medium enhances the instability of the tangential velocity discontinuity in the jet and increases the intensity of shock-wave and vortex structures arising at the nonlinear stage of development of these instabilities. In numerical models of supersonic shear flows of nonequilibrium vibrationally excited gas, new shock-vortex structures of high intensity are discovered, which can be of great importance in practical applications.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колебательно-возбужденный газ</kwd><kwd>газодинамические неустойчивости</kwd><kwd>ударные волны</kwd><kwd>численные газодинамические методы</kwd><kwd>параллельные CUDA-алгоритмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vibrationally excited gas</kwd><kwd>gas-dynamic instabilities</kwd><kwd>shock waves</kwd><kwd>numerical gas-dynamic methods</kwd><kwd>parallel CUDA algorithms.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (РНФ) № 23- 21-00401, https://rscf.ru/project/23-21-00401/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Антонов, Г. Г. 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