<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Математическая физика и компьютерное моделирование</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2587-6325</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-6902</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2025.1.4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Модели и алгоритмы эффективной эвакуации населения речных долин и пойм при наводнении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Models and Algorithms for Optimal Release of Populations from River Valleys and Floodplains</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватюкова</surname><given-names>Оксана Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatyukova</surname><given-names>Oksana U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильченко</surname><given-names>Анна Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilchenko</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Volgograd State University (Volgograd, Russian Federation)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Волгоградский государственный университет (Волгоград, Российская Федерация)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-29"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Значительное затопление урбанизированных территорий речных долин и пойм во время наводнений представляет серьезную потенциальную опасность для их населения вследствие низменного расположения населенных пунктов и невысокой густоты дорожной сети. Отсутствие детальных руководств по формированию адаптивных расписаний организованной эвакуации населения во время наводнений, учитывающих свойства рельефа, пространственного распределения населения и дорожной сети конкретных территорий, создает дополнительную потенциальную опасность. В настоящей работе представлена общая задача поиска расписаний организованной транспортной эвакуации населения территорий речных долин и пойм,минимизирующих величину агрегированного жизненного риска, при наличии прогноза речного гидрографа на основе гидродинамического расчета моментов затопления населенных пунктов и участков дорог, а также серия ее частных версий для различных эвакуационных ситуаций. Представлены алгоритмы поиска минимального числа эвакуационных транспортных средств, обеспечивающих безопасную эвакуацию всего населения при известных значениях параметров эвакуационной ситуации. Также предложен алгоритм построения эффективных расписаний, обеспечивающих частичную эвакуацию населения в условиях дефицита эвакуационных транспортных средств. Численная реализация предложенных алгоритмов проведена для территории северной части Волго-Ахтубинской поймы. Геоинформационное и гидродинамическое моделирование проведено с помощью программно-алгоритмического комплекса «Web-ECOGIS», предназначенного для моделирования чрезвычайных ситуаций на реках и водохранилищах, а также для моделирования сезонных наводнений. В пакете используются современные ГИС-технологии, технологии параллельных вычислений OpenMP, MPI, CUDA. Многослойные цифровые карты в этом пакете включают слои рельефа, русловой системы, социально-экономической инфраструктуры, а также многочисленные карты затопления территории в широком диапазоне параметров катастрофического гидрографа Волжской ГЭС. В результате серии вычислительных экспериментов показано, что реализация предложенных алгоритмов поиска оптимальных расписаний эвакуации населения северной части Волго-Ахтубинской поймы при наводнениях позволяет значительно сократить число эвакуационных транспортных средств, обеспечивающих безопасную эвакуацию всего населения. Найдены границы числа транспортных средств, обеспечивающих безопасную эвакуацию всего населения территории в зависимости от значений гидрографа Волжской ГЭС и моментов начала эвакуации. Построены эффективные расписания, обеспечивающие частичную эвакуацию населения в условиях дефицита транспортных средств.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Significant flooding of urbanized areas of river valleys and floodplains during floods poses a serious potential danger to their populations due to the low-lying location of settlements and the low density of the road network. The lack of detailed guidelines for the formation of adaptive schedules for organized evacuation of the population during floods, taking into account the properties of the relief, spatial distribution of the population and the road network of specific territories, creates an additional potential danger. This paper presents the general task of finding schedules for organized transport evacuation of the population of river valleys and floodplains that minimize the magnitude of the aggregated life risk, in the presence of a forecast by a river hydrographer based on hydrodynamic calculation of the moments of flooding of settlements and road sections, as well as a series of its private versions for various evacuation situations. Algorithms for finding the minimum number of evacuation vehicles that ensure the safe evacuation of the entire population with known values of the evacuation situation parameters are presented. An algorithm for constructing effective schedules that ensure partial evacuation of the population in conditions of shortage of evacuation vehicles is also proposed. The numerical implementation of the proposed algorithms was carried out for the territory of the northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Geoinformation and hydrodynamic modeling was carried out using the software package “Web-ECOGIS”, designed for modeling emergency situations on rivers and reservoirs, as well as for modeling seasonal floods. The package uses modern GIS technologies, OpenMP, MPI, and CUDA parallel computing technologies. The multilayer digital maps in this package include layers of relief, riverbed system, socio-economic infrastructure, as well as numerous maps of flooding in a wide range of parameters of the catastrophic hydrograph of the Volga hydroelectric power station. As a result of a series of computational experiments, it has been shown that the implementation of the proposed algorithms for finding optimal evacuation schedules for the population of the northern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain during floods can significantly reduce the number of evacuation vehicles that ensure the safe evacuation of the entire population. The limits of the number of vehicles ensuring the safe evacuation of the entire population of the territory are found, depending on the values of the hydrograph of the Volga hydroelectric power station and the start of the evacuation. Effective schedules have been built to ensure partial evacuation of the population in conditions of a shortage of vehicles.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>имитационное моделирование</kwd><kwd>модели эвакуации при наводнениях</kwd><kwd>оптимизация эвакуационного расписания</kwd><kwd>Волго-Ахтубинская пойма</kwd><kwd>гидрограф</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inhomogeneous Schrodinger equation</kwd><kwd>boundary value problems</kwd><kwd>¨ quasi-model Riemannian manifold</kwd><kwd>potential variation</kwd><kwd>L-pointed manifold</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Воронин, А. А. Модель управления процессом социохозяйственного освоения пойменных территорий / А. А. Воронин, И. И. Исаева // Математическая физика и компьютерное моделирование. - 2023. - Т. 26, № 2. - C. 16-31. -. DOI: 10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2023.2.2 EDN: DLNYXK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">ГОСТ Р 22.2.10-2016 "Безопасность в чрезвычайных ситуациях. Порядок обоснования и учета мероприятий по гражданской обороне, мероприятий по предупреждению чрезвычайных ситуаций природного и техногенного характера при разработке документов территориального планирования": утв. и введен в действие с 01.06.2017 Приказом Росстандарта от 29 июня 2016 г. № 727-ст. - М.: Стандартинформ, 2016. - 16 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Исаева, И. И. Модели управления гидротехническими проектами на пойменных территориях с учетом активности ее хозяйствующих субъектов / И. И. Исаева, А. А. Воронин // Математическая физика и компьютерное моделирование. - 2024. - Т. 27, № 1. - C. 45-61. -. DOI: 10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2024.1.4 EDN: JYBYFL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Писарев, А. В. Исследование динамики затопления территории Волго-Ахтубинской поймы по данным космического мониторинга / А. В. Писарев, А. Н. Преснякова, С. С. Храпов // Математика. Физика. - 2017. - № 1 (38). - C. 66-74. -. DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu1.2017.1.7 EDN: YGRUMP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">A Numerical Scheme for Simulating the Dynamics of Surface Water on the Basis of the Combined SPH-TVD Approach / S. S. Khrapov, A. V. Khoperskov, N. M. Kuz'min, V. Pisarev, I. A. Kobelev // Num. Meth. Prog. - 2011. - Vol. 12. - P. 282-297. EDN: OJAZAB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">An Integrated Scenario Ensemble-Based Framework for Hurricane Evacuation Modeling: Part 1 - Decision Support System / R. A. Davidson, L. K. Nozick, T. Wachtendorf, Blanton, B. Colle, R. L. Kolar, S. DeYoung, K. M. Dresback, W. Yi, K. Yang, N. Leonardo // Risk Anal. - 2020. - Vol. 40. - P. 97-116. -. DOI: 10.1111/risa.12990</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Assessment of Flood Losses with Household Responses: Agent-Based Simulation in an Urban Catchment Area / L. E. Yang, J. Scheffran, D. Susser, R. Dawson, Y. D. Chen // Environmental Modeling. - 2018. - Vol. 23. - P. 369-388. -. DOI: 10.1007/s10666-018-9597-3 EDN: CGLCKB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref8"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Karbasi, M. Loss of Life Estimation Due to Flash Floods in Residential Areas Using a Regional Model / M. Karbasi, A. Shokoohi, B. Saghafian // Water Resources Management. - 2018. - Vol. 32. - P. 4575-4589. EDN: FDVZOC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref9"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Khoperskov, A. A Numerical Simulation of the Shallow Water Flow on a Complex Topography / A. Khoperskov, S. Khrapov // Numerical Simulations in Engineering and Science. - 2018. -. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.71026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref10"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Kim, K.Integrating Travel Demand Modeling and Flood Hazard Risk Analysis for Evacuation and Sheltering / K. Kim, P. Pant, E. Yamashita // International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - 2018. - Vol. 31. - P. 1177-1186.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref11"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Kongsomsaksakul, S. Elter Location-Allocation Model for Flood Evacuation Planning / S. Kongsomsaksakul, C. Yang // Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studiess. - 2005. - Vol. 6. - P. 4237-4252.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref12"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Liu, X. An Agent-Based Evacuation Model for the 2011 Brisbane City-Scale Riverine Flood / X. Liu, S. Lim // Natural Hazards. - 2018. - Vol. 94. - P. 53-70. -. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-018-3373-1 EDN: GFYBGI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref13"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Neumann, K. Procedures for Resource Leveling and Net Present Value Problems in Project Scheduling with General Temporal and Resource Constraints / K. Neumann, J. Zimmermann // European Journal of Operational Research. - 2000. - Vol. 127. - P. 425-443. EDN: AJBMUH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref14"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Statistical a Cost Optimization Model and Solutions for Shelter Allocation and Relief Distribution in Flood Scenario / A. K. Mollah, S. Sadhukhan, P. Das, Md. Z. Anis // International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - 2018. - Vol. 31. - P. 1187-1198.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref15"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">The Numerical Simulation of Shallow Water: Estimation of the Roughness Coefficient on the Flood Stage / S. Khrapov, A. Pisarev, I. Kobelev, A. Zhumaliev, E. Agafonnikova, A. Losev, A. Khoperskov // Advances in Mechanical Engineering. - 2013. - Vol. 5. - P. 787016. -. DOI: 10.1155/2013/787016 EDN: RFPDXV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref16"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">The Problem of Safe Evacuation of Large Floodplains Population During Flooding / A. A. Voronin, A. A. Vasilchenko, O. Yu. Vatyukova, A. Yu. Klikunova, A. V. Khoperskov // Advances in Systems Science and Applications. - 2022. - Vol. 22. - P. 65-78. -. DOI: 10.25728/assa.2022.22.4.1310</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref17"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">The Problem of the Population from Floodplains Under Threat of Flooding: Algorithmic and Software Support with Shortage of Resources / A. A. Voronin, A. A. Vasilchenko, O. Yu. Vatyukova, A. Yu. Klikunova, A. V. Khoperskov // Computation. - 2023. - Vol. 11 (8). - P. 150-177. -. DOI: 10.3390/computation1108015023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref18"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Wen, Y. Evacuation and Settlement Model of Personnel in Major Flood Disasters and Its Application / Y. Wen, N. Zhang // IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - 2019. - Vol. 304. - P. 042016. -. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/304/4/042016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref19"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Voronin A.A., Isaeva I.I. Model upravleniya protsessom sotsiokhozyaystvennogo osvoeniya poymennykh territoriy [The Management Model of the Process of Socio-Economic Development of Floodplain Territories]. Matematicheskaya fizika i kompyuternoe modelirovanie [Mathematical Physics and Computer Simulation], 2023, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 16-31. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2023.2.2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref20"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">GOST R 22.2.10—2016 «Bezopasnost’ v chrezvychajnyh situaciyah. Poryadok obosnovaniya i ucheta meropriyatij po grazhdanskoj oborone, meropriyatij po preduprezhdeniyu chrezvychajnyh situacij prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo haraktera pri razrabotke dokumentov territorial’nogo planirovaniya»: utv. i vveden v dejstvie s 01.06.2017 Prikazom Rosstandarta ot 29 iyunya 2016 g. № 727-st [GOST R 22.2.10—2016 “Safety in Emergency Situations. Procedure for Substantiating and Accounting for Civil Defense Measures, Measures to Prevent Natural and Man-Made Emergencies in the Development of Territorial Planning Documents” — Approved and Effective from Jan. 6, 2017 by Rosstandart Order No. 727-st Dated June 29, 2016]. Moscow, Standartinform, 2016. 16 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref21"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Isaeva I.I., Voronin A.A. Modeli upravleniya gidrotekhnicheskimi proektami na poymennykh territoriyakh s uchetom aktivnosti ee khozyaystvuyushchikh subyektov [Models of Management of Hydraulic Engineering Projects in Floodplain Territories, Taking Into Account the Activity of Its Economic Entities]. Matematicheskaya fizika i kompyuternoe modelirovanie [Mathematical Physics and Computer Simulation], 2024, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 45-61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2024.1.4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref22"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Pisarev A.V., Presnyakova A.N., Khrapov S.S. Issledovanie dinamiki zatopleniya territorii Volgo-Akhtubinskoy poymy po dannym kosmicheskogo monitoringa [Investigation of the Dynamics of Flooding in the Volga-Akhtuba Floodplain According to Space Monitoring Data]. Matematika. Fizika, 2017, no. 1 (38), pp. 66-74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu1.2017.1.7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref23"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Khrapov S.S., Khoperskov A.V., Kuz’min N.M., Pisarev A.V., Kobelev I.A. A Numerical Scheme for Simulating the Dynamics of Surface Water on the Basis of the Combined SPH-TVD Approach. Num. Meth. Prog., 2011, vol. 12, pp. 282-297.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref24"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Davidson R.A., Nozick L.K., Wachtendorf T., Blanton B., Colle B., Kolar R.L., DeYoung S., Dresback K.M., Yi W., Yang K., Leonardo N. An Integrated Scenario Ensemble-Based Framework for Hurricane Evacuation Modeling: Part 1 — Decision Support System. Risk Anal, 2020, vol. 40, pp. 97-116. DOI:10.1111/risa.12990</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref25"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Yang L.E., Scheffran J., Susser D., Dawson R., Chen Y.D. Assessment of Flood Losses with Household Responses: Agent-Based Simulation in an Urban Catchment Area. Environmental Modeling, 2018, vol. 23, pp. 369-388. DOI:10.1007/s10666-018-9597-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref26"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Karbasi M., Shokoohi A., Saghafian B. Loss of Life Estimation Due to Flash Floods in Residential Areas Using a Regional Model. Water Resources Management, 2018, vol. 32, pp. 4575-4589.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref27"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Khoperskov A., Khrapov S. A Numerical Simulation of the Shallow Water Flow on a Complex Topography. Numerical Simulations in Engineering and Science, 2018. DOI:10.5772/intechopen.71026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref28"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Kim K., Pant P., Yamashita E. Integrating Travel Demand Modeling and Flood Hazard Risk Analysis for Evacuation and Sheltering. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2018, vol. 31, pp. 1177-1186.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref29"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Kongsomsaksakul S., Yang C. Elter Location-Allocation Model for Flood Evacuation Planning. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studiess, 2005, vol. 6, pp. 4237-4252.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref30"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Liu X., Lim S. An Agent-Based Evacuation Model for the 2011 Brisbane City-Scale Riverine Flood. Natural Hazards, 2018, vol. 94, pp. 53-70. DOI:10.1007/s11069-018-3373-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref31"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Neumann K., Zimmermann J. Procedures for Resource Leveling and Net Present Value Problems in Project Scheduling with General Temporal and Resource Constraints. European Journal of Operational Research, 2000, vol. 127, pp. 425-443.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref32"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Mollah A.K., Sadhukhan S., Das P., Anis Md.Z. Statistical a Cost Optimization Model and Solutions for Shelter Allocation and Relief Distribution in Flood Scenario. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2018, vol. 31, pp. 1187-1198.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref33"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Khrapov S., Pisarev A., Kobelev I., Zhumaliev A., Agafonnikova E., Losev A., Khoperskov A. The Numerical Simulation of Shallow Water: Estimation of the Roughness Coefficient on the Flood Stage. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2013, vol. 5, p. 787016. DOI:10.1155/2013/787016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref34"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Voronin A.A., Vasilchenko A.A., Vatyukova O.Yu., Klikunova A.Yu., Khoperskov A.V. The Problem of Safe Evacuation of Large Floodplains Population During Flooding. Advances in Systems Science and Applications, 2022, vol. 22, pp. 65-78. DOI:10.25728/assa.2022.22.4.1310</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref35"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Voronin A.A., Vasilchenko A.A., Vatyukova O.Yu., Klikunova A.Yu., Khoperskov A.V. The Problem of the Population From Floodplains Under Threat of Flooding: Algorithmic and Software Support with Shortage of Resources. Computation, 2023, vol. 11 (8), pp. 150-177. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/computation1108015023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref36"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">Wen Y., Zhang N. Evacuation and Settlement Model of Personnel in Major Flood Disasters and Its Application. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, vol. 304, p. 042016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/304/4/042016</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
